An Element in the Nitrogen Family With a Higher Atomic Number Than Chlorine

What are Group 15 Elements?

Group xv elements are besides calledNitrogen family unit includes nitrogen phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth elements. The p-block elements are likewise known as the Representative Elements which is placed on the right side of the main periodic table.

Table of Contents

• Periodic Trends
• Recommended Videos
• Apatite Family unit
• Often Asked Questions – FAQs

The mod periodic tabular array every bit conceived by Dimitri Mendeleev arranges all the elements known to man on the ground of its diminutive number, which is unique to every element. The results of such an organisation were the periodic tabular array. The elements with similar properties were bundled into a column called a group.

Periodic Trends in Group 15 Elements

So in Group 15 elements equally you lot would move down a group, starting with the lightest chemical element and finishing with the heavy ones; you'd find a general flow in properties as you move down the guild. For eg, Nitrogen is a gas and non-metal merely as you move downwardly the group, we run across metalloids and so at the bottom, metal i.eastward. Bismuth. These trends in the periodic table aid united states of america better understand the behaviour of atoms and also helps us predict new elements.

Holding	Nitrogen	Phosphorus	Arsenic	Antimony	Bismuth
Diminutive symbol	N	P	As	Sb	Bi
Atomic number	seven	15	33	51	83
Atomic mass (amu)	fourteen.01	30.97	74.92	121.76	209.98
Valence electron configuration	[He]2stwo 2pthree	[Ne]3s2 3p3	[Ar]3d10 4stwo4p3	[Kr]4d10 5stwo5p3	[Xe]4ffourteen 5d106s26p3
Melting indicate Humid point (°C)	– 210 -196	44.fifteen 281	817 603(sublimes)	631 1587	271 1564
Density (m/cm3) at 25°C	ane.15(g/L)	i.8	five.7	6.68	nine.79
Atomic radius (pm)	56	98	114	133	143
Kickoff Ionization energy (kJ/mol)	1402	1012	947	834	703
Common Oxidation land(south)	-3 to +5	+5, +3, -three	+5, +iii	+v, +three	+3
Ionic radius (pm)	146(-3)	212(-3)	58(+3)	76(+3)	103(+3)
Electronegativity	3.0	2.2	2.2	two.1	1.nine

Some of the trends in the modern periodic tabular array with respect to group fifteen elements of the p-Block elements are discussed below.

i. Electronic Configuration

• The valence shell electronic configuration plays a major function in how an chemical element behaves. The valence electron shell configuration of group 15 elements is ns²np³.
• All the group 15 elements have the same arrangement and this is why they're similar.
• The due south-orbital in this grouping is completely filled and the p-orbitals are half filled and this makes their configuration extra stable.

2. Atomic and Ionic Radii

• If y'all run into the electronic configuration of elements in the tabular array above, you lot will detect that with every step you move down, new orbitals are added to the atom.
• This addition of new orbitals increases both the Atomic and the Ionic radii of group xv elements.
• However, we see that from Arsenic to Bismuth only a pocket-sized increase in ionic radius is observed.
• This is due to the presence of completely filled d and/or f orbitals in heavier members.

3. Ionization Enthalpy

• Ionization Energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the outermost orbit of the atom.
• This is basically a measure of how hard the nucleus is holding on to the electron.
• The closer the electron is to the nucleus the stronger its concur and thus the energy required is more than.
• As we motility down the group, the radius of the cantlet increases and therefore the Ionization energy decreases due to the weaker hold of the nucleus.

iv. Electronegativity

• The electronegativity value decreases downward the group with increasing atomic size.
• This once more is due to the increasing distance between the nucleus and the valence beat equally we movement down the group.

5. Physical Backdrop

• All the elements of the group exist in a polyatomic state.
• The start, Nitrogen is gas but as you move down there is a significant increase in the metallic grapheme of the elements.
• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are not-metals, Arsenic and Antimony are metalloids and Bismuth is a metal.
• These changes can be attributed to the decrease in Ionization enthalpy and increment in atomic size.
• Boiling points also, in full general, testify an increasing tendency as yous movement down.
• Except for Nitrogen, all the other elements have allotropes.

6. Chemical Properties

• The valence shells of the p-Block elements have a configuration of ns² np³.
• So the elements here can either lose v electrons or gain three.
• The common oxidation states of these elements are -3, +three and +5.
• With a decrease in the Ionization enthalpy and electronegativity, due to the increasing atomic radius, the tendency to proceeds 3 electrons to create a -3 oxidation state decreases down the group.
• In fact, Bismuth inappreciably forms whatever compounds with -three oxidation state.
• As nosotros get downwardly, the stability of the +5 state decreases and that of +three increases due to inert pair effect.

Recommended Videos

Apatite Family

Apatite families tin can be described as a grouping of similar isomorphous hexagonal phosphate minerals. The main apatite group consists of Fluorapatite, Chlorapatite, and Hydroxylapatite. The teeth and bones of various animals, including humans, are composed of Calcium phosphate, which is also the aforementioned material as apatite.

The primary Apatite group includes Fluorapatite, Chlorapatite, and Hydroxylapatite. The extended Apatite supergroup describes boosted minerals such every bit Pyromorphite, Mimetite, and Vanadinite. Apatite is the main source of phosphorous, an important nutrient required by plants. As such, apatite is the key ingredient in phosphate fertilizers. Nigh of the phosphorus used in fertilizer comes from phosphate rock, which is mined almost exclusively for this application.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Why is Grouping 15 chosen P cake?

It is a p-block element since it takes the physical and chemical backdrop later on that of other p-cake elements of the eighteenth group. P-cake elements are generally non-metals, while the remaining are metalloids and metals.

What is the other proper name of group 15 elements?

This group is also known as the nitrogen family unit. It consists of the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (Equally), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and perhaps the chemically uncharacterized constructed element moscovium (Mc). In modern IUPAC note, it is called Group 15.

Why practise all Grouping 15 elements take similar chemical properties?

Each element inside a group has like physical or chemical properties because of its cantlet'southward outermost electron shell (nearly chemical properties are dominated past the orbital location of the outermost electron).

What element family does oxygen vest to?

Chalcogens. Grouping 6A (or VIA) of the periodic table are the chalcogens: the nonmetals oxygen (O), sulfur (S), and selenium (Se), the metalloid tellurium (Te), and the metal polonium (Po).

What do we use nitrogen for?

Nitrogen is important to the chemical industry. Information technology is used to brand fertilizers, nitric acrid, nylon, dyes and explosives. To make these products, nitrogen must start be reacted with hydrogen to produce ammonia.

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